The e-Mobility Eco-system

The EV market has many important actors:

The GreenFlux platform builds features for 2 of these actors, the CPO and the eMSP:

CPO: Charge Point Operator. Operates, maintains and sometimes owns the infrastructure and/or land.
eMSP: e-Mobility Service Provider. Provides services to drivers, like access to charge stations and monthly invoicing, as well as management services for fleets.

e-Mobility Transactions

Broadly speaking, there are 3 ways a driver can pay for a session:

Ad-hoc: ‘recharge on an ad hoc basis’ means a recharging service purchased by an end user without the need for that end user to register, conclude a written agreement or enter into a commercial relationship with the operator of that recharging point that goes beyond the mere purchase of the recharging service; [source: AFIR regulation]
CPO Subscription: contrary to type 1, in this case the driver enters a commercial relationship with the CPO (who may or not act as an eMSP in the market as well).
Roaming: In this case, there is a commercial relationship between the driver and an Electric Mobility Service Provider (eMSP). The eMSP has then commercial relationship with one or more 3rd party CPOs, who provide the recharging services to the EV Driver on behalf of the eMSP.

When talking about Ad Hoc use case, there are typically 2 ways to achieve it:

Payment Terminal based: CPO makes it available through a payment terminal installed at the charger station or location (kiosk mode serving several chargers)
QR code based: CPO provides a QR code for each EVSE on the charge station. The QR code then leads users to a app or web based app where they can charge without registration by adding a valid payment method (e.g. credit card)